Dynamic and Microphysical Interplay in Marine Stratocumulus (DMIMS) 15 May - 30 June 2006, Arcata, California Wyoming Cloud Radar Data Status Report Content: General Notes WCR configuration Radar Status/Problems Calibration Notes Data File Information Terminology and other notes ................................................................................ General Notes: * WCR raw data is archived and available on DVD disks. Quicklooks, dataquality, and calibration data is also recorded on these disks. Radar processed data files in NetCDF format are available usually within 2 months after the conclusion of the experiment (preliminary version may be available earlier). The NetCDF files are available via the Internet or on DVD disks. * Quick look images of co-pol reflectivity for all the flights are stored on the project WCR web site in their corresponding directories(mmmDD) as pdf files. ................................................................................ WCR configuration: WCR was installed on UWKA with a 4-antenna configuration: Antenna 1 2,3 and 4 no polarization capability (for more see www-das.uwyo.edu/wcr); Antenna ports are: Ant1 (side/up) - H1, Ant2(near nadir) - V2, Ant3(side-forward) - V3, Ant4(down-forward) - H2; H/V stands for the receiver used (there are 2 receivers). Cross-channels (HXVX and VXHX channels) have no meaning for this configuration. Ant. 1 uses UWKA radar mirror wing to direct the radar beam Side or Up. The radar mirror events are recorded in the King Air data files. Mirror switching times are extracted in ascii files and placed under their corresponding flight day directories(file: KAyyyymmdd.hhmmss_hhmmss.mirror). When the mirror file is not present a single positon (up or side) has been used during the flight. ................................................................................ Radar Status/Problems * Fault 1 happened through out of the experiment, but mostly during the initial startup and once it got going (often after recycling the EIA AC power) there were no more faults. * A few time glitches occured during several of the flights. Those were positive time jumps (one severe; 31 sec); the big jump appear to represent a data gap. It was reported by Larry Oolman and Dave Leon that there were error messages on the DSP monitors about overflow in the host fifo buffer, which may be responsible for the time jumps(data gaps). ................................................................................ Calibration notes: **************************************************************************** Power Calibration: * Calibration constants for this experiment as of 17 Jan 2006 Calibration constants (250 ns pulse, 5 MHz IF filter, dynamic range > 70 dB; for 500 ns pulse subtract 3.5 dB): Ant. 1 (side/up), HHcal1 = 49.5 Ant. 2 (nadir), VVcal2 = 50.5 Ant. 3 (side-fore), VVcal3 = 57.0 Ant. 4 (down-fore), HHcal2 = 55.0 Calibration constant precision over the whole dynamic range (no less than 70 dB) is about +-1.0 dB for both receivers The absolute accuracy of the calibration constants for side/up and nadir antennas is estimated to be around +-2.5 dB (based on the overall variability of the calibration constants and the expected drift in the receivers and transmitted power). Transmitted power drift is estimated to be in the order of 1 dB for less than 2 hour flight and no more than 1.5 dB for longer flights. Receiver gain drift is estimated to be less than 1 dB. The accuracy of the calibration constants for slanted antennas (side-forward and down-forward) is not well established. Cloud data are used for relative calibration of these antennas w.r.t. side and nadir antennas. Slanted antennas are mostly intended for Doppler velocities. Cross-channel Isolation > 50 dB Antenna Coupling Separation: better than 50 dB; weak coupling between side and nadir antenna is possible for strong(close range) surface returns) * Calibration constants used for quick look images: Ant. 1 (side/up), calHH1 = 49.5 @ 250ns Ant. 2 (nadir), calVV2 = 50.5 @ 250ns Ant. 3 (side-fore), calVV3 = 57.0 @ 250ns Ant. 4 (down-fore), calHH2 = 55.0 @ 250ns **************************************************************************** Beam angles calibration: * Unit beam angles(in AC coordinates) for this experiment as of 18 Nov 2005 X(along AC) Y(right wing) Z(down) Ant. 1 (up): 0.052336, 0.000000, -0.9986295 Ant. 1 (side): -0.020885, 0.999784, -0.000000 Ant. 2 (nadir): -0.05512, 0.000235, 0.99848 Ant. 3 (side-fore): 0.5854, 0.8105, 0.02 Ant. 4 (down-fore): 0.4382, 0.004099, 0.89887 The accuracy of the beam angles for 'up' beam are not well known due to lack of calib data. For all other beams, an average bias between -0.5 and +0.5 m/s may be present in the Doppler velocities after removing the AC motion from the measured Doppler. **************************************************************************** ................................................................................ WCR Data File Information: ************************************************************************** may09: (crew: Fagerstrom,Wechsler,Oolman,Lukens) TEST FLIGHT Total data: 259MB Alg/Pulse Antennas Notes 28M W2006-05-09-16-49-22 pp4/250 S,S sfc return only 65M W2006-05-09-16-54-10 pp8/250 D,D sfc return only 166M W2006-05-09-17-07-27 pp8/250 D,D sfc + some cloud ************************************************************************** may15: (crew:Fagerstrom,Snider,Wechsler,French) FERRY FLIGHT NO WCR DATA ************************************************************************** may16: (crew:Fagerstrom,Snider,Wechsler,French) Total data: MB Alg/Pulse Antennas Notes 226M W2006-05-16-20-12-59 pp6/250 D,D weak,low echoes 3 43M W2006-06-16-20-30-23 pp6/250 S,D,D sfc return. weak cloud. 137M W2006-06-16-20-52-58 pp6/250 D,D weak, shallow cloud. ************************************************************************** may20: (crew:Fagerstrom,Parish,French,Snider) GPS FLIGHT. NO WCR DATA ************************************************************************** may23: (crew:Fagerstrom,Snider,French,Lukens) Total data: MB Alg/Pulse Antennas Notes 609M W2006-05-23-18-00-46 pp6/250 D,D,U KingAir file 'a' 740M W2006-05-23-18-31-44 pp6/250 D,D,U KingAir file 'a' 271M W2006-05-23-19-07-58 pp6/250 D,D,U KingAir file 'a' 171M W2006-05-23-19-21-18 pp6/250 D,D,U Gap in UWKA data 270M W2006-05-23-19-35-48 pp6/250 D,D,U KingAir file 'b' 59M W2006-05-23-19-50-59 pp4/250 S,S KingAir file 'b' 689M W2006-05-23-19-58-23 pp6/250 D,D,U KingAir file 'b' 61M W2006-05-23-20-36-34 pp4/250 S,S KingAir file 'b' 105M W2006-05-23-20-41-46 pp4/250 S,S KingAir file 'b' 441M W2006-05-23-20-59-41 pp6/250 D,D,U KingAir file 'b' ************************************************************************** may25: (crew:Fagerstrom,Rahn,French,Snider) Total data: MB Alg/Pulse Antennas Notes 39M W2006-05-25-19-33-29 pp6/250 D,D,U 643M W2006-05-25-19-49-40 pp6/250 D,D,U 383M W2006-05-25-20-21-35 pp6/250 D,D,U 242M W2006-05-25-20-41-33 pp6/250 S,S 126M W2006-05-25-21-05-46 pp6/250 D,D,U ************************************************************************** may27: (crew:Fagerstrom,Snider,French,Lukens) Total data: MB Alg/Pulse Antennas Notes 748M W2006-05-27-19-19-49 pp6/250 D,D,U Melting layer (!?) 254M W2006-05-27-19-56-27 pp6/250 D,D,U 176M W2006-05-27-20-09-29 pp6/250 D,D Insufficient range to see sfc 324M W2006-05-27-20-21-57 pp6/250 D,D,U 231M W2006-05-27-20-54-57 pp8/250 D,D,S,S 141M W2006-05-27-21-04-03 pp6/250 D,D 404M W2006-05-27-21-14-17 pp6/250 D,D,U 593M W2006-05-27-21-55-19 pp6/250 U,S ************************************************************************** may28: (crew:Fagerstrom,Snider,French,Lukens) Total data: MB Alg/Pulse Antennas Notes 334M W2006-05-28-18-03-59 pp6/250 D,D 693M W2006-05-28-18-27-10 pp6/250 D,D,U 308M W2006-05-28-19-02-38 pp6/250 D,D cell. convective elem. 617M W2006-05-28-19-24-41 pp8/250 D,D,S,S 160M W2006-05-28-19-44-55 pp6/260 D,D,U 240M W2006-05-28-20-01-12 pp6/250 D,D,U porpoising 158M W2006-05-28-20-15-48 pp6/250 D,D,U 206M W2006-05-28-20-27-33 pp6/250 D,D,U 124M W2006-05-28-20-47-37 pp6/250 D,D,U 240M W2006-05-28-21-00-47 pp4/250 U,S no real signal ************************************************************************** may31: (crew:Fagerstrom,Rahn,French,Snider) Total data: MB Alg/Pulse Antennas Notes 469M W2006-05-31-16-09-47 pp6/250 D,D,U melting layer. Some attenuation 698M W2006-05-31-16-32-47 pp6/250 D,D,U pronounced atten. melting layer 90M W2006-05-31-17-07-04 pp6/250 D,D,U 316M W2006-05-31-17-12-20 pp6/250 U,S Melting layer above. ************************************************************************** jun02: (crew:Fagerstrom,Parish,French,Snider) Total data: MB Alg/Pulse Antennas Notes 10M W2006-06-02-20-00-34 pp6/575 D,D,U file crashed (mode problem) 58M W2006-06-02-20-01-23 pp6/575 D,D,U file crashed (mode problem) 54M W2006-06-02-20-05-37 pp6/575 D,D,U file crashed/down beam dropout 766M W2006-06-02-20-11-42 pp6/250 D,D,U no sfc return (too high) 243M W2006-06-02-20-41-56 pp6/250 D,D,U wave clouds above. some sfc. echo 446M W2006-06-02-20-48-56 pp6/250 D,D,U strong atten. 550M W2006-06-02-21-03-13 pp6/250 D,D,U CoudSat overpass. Echo below sfc ~21:08:15 538M W2006-06-02-21-26-44 pp6/250 D,D,U 611M W2006-06-02-21-51-10 pp6/250 D,D,U melting layer (below) 604M W2006-06-02-22-10-02 pp6/250 D,D,U sfc. out of range 541M W2006-06-02-22-32-46 pp6/250 D,D,U clouds near sfc @ above 229M W2006-06-02-22-49-53 pp6/250 D,D,U clouds near sfc. ************************************************************************** jun03: (crew:Fagerstrom,Gordon,French,Snider) Total data: MB Alg/Pulse Antennas Notes 315M W2006-06-03-17-52-47 pp6/250 D,D,U sfc. return only 288M W2006-06-03-18-09-26 pp6/250 D,D echoes after 18:12:30 205M W2006-06-03-18-45-10 pp6/250 D,D shallow echoes + 2nd layer ************************************************************************** jun04: (crew:Fagerstrom,Snider,French,Rahn) Note -- returned to Medford, OR Total data: MB Alg/Pulse Antennas Notes 236M W2006-06-04-18-36-35 pp6/250 D,D,U 114M W2006-06-04-19-10-59 pp6/250 D,D,U sfc contamination in up. 159M W2006-06-04-19-23-02 pp6/250 D,D 287M W2006-06-04-19-35-12 pp8/250 D,D,S,S 115M W2006-06-04-19-45-31 pp4/250 U,S 100M W2006-06-04-19-58-12 pp6/250 D,D ************************************************************************** jun06: (crew:Fagerstrom,Snider,French,Rahn) Total data: MB Alg/Pulse Antennas Notes 283M W2006-06-06-22-49-10 pp6/250 D,D 208M W2006-06-06-22-59-20 pp6/250 D,D 267M W2006-06-06-23-43-45 pp6/250 D,D 177M W2006-06-07-00-09-48 pp6/250 U,S 464M W2006-06-07-00-38-10 pp6/250 D,D 33M W2006-06-07-00-38-10 pp6/250 D,D,U ************************************************************************** jun07: (crew:Fagerstrom,Geerts,French,Rahn) Total data: MB Alg/Pulse Antennas Notes 82M W2006-06-07-20-21-22 pp6/250 D,D 833M W2006-06-07-20-34-39 pp6/250 D,D,U 386M W2006-06-07-21-22-28 pp6/250 D,D,U 196M W2006-06-07-22-14-58 pp6/250 D,D,U KingAir file 'b' ************************************************************************** jun09: (crew:Cooksey,Snider,Oolman,Rahn) Total data: MB Alg/Pulse Antennas Notes 55M W2006-06-09-17-46-02 pp6/250 D,D 223M W2006-06-09-17-50-16 pp6/250 D,D,U 314M W2006-06-09-18-12-14 pp6/250 D,D,U 49M W2006-06-09-18-23-19 pp6/250 D,D,U 191M W2006-06-09-18-29-22 pp6/250 D,D 160M W2006-06-09-18-42-45 pp6/250 D,D,U ************************************************************************** jun11: (crew:Cooksey,Snider,Oolman,Rahn) Total data: MB Alg/Pulse Antennas Notes 327M W2006-06-11-18-50-17 pp6/250 D,D 126M W2006-06-11-19-12-19 pp6/250 D,D Time jump @ ? 126M W2006-06-11-19-12-19 pp6/250 D,D 672M W2006-06-11-19-21-21 pp8/250 D,D,S,S 212M W2006-06-11-19-43-07 pp8/250 D,D,UA 55M W2006-06-11-20-03-33 pp6/250 D,D 295M W2006-06-11-20-22-22 pp6/250 D,D 45M W2006-06-11-20-42-42 pp6/250 D,D,U 95M W2006-06-11-20-47-15 spp/250 U 21M W2006-06-11-21-19-15 spp/250 U ************************************************************************** jun13: (crew:Cooksey,Wood,Oolman,Snider) Total data: MB Alg/Pulse Antennas Notes 424M W2006-06-13-17-12-08 pp6/250 D,D Odd feature @ 17:12:40 Timegap @ ? 366M W2006-06-13-17-40-40 pp6/250 D,D Echoes from scud cloud 10M W2006-06-13-18-05-21 pp6/250 D,D,U Short file. 80M W2006-06-13-18-06-33 pp6/250 D,D Weak echoes 22M W2006-06-13-18-14-34 spp/250 U Drizzle cell 576M W2006-06-13-18-25-25 pp8/250 D,D,S,S 599M W2006-06-13-18-43-49 pp8/250 D,D,S,S 180M W2006-06-13-19-03-27 pp6/250 U,S Strange feature @ 19:04 193M W2006-06-13-19-20-30 pp6/250 D,D,U 620M W2006-06-13-19-39-27 pp8/250 D,D,S,S 128M W2006-06-13-19-59-54 pp4/250 U,S 150M W2006-06-13-20-21-03 pp6/250 D,D,U 785M W2006-06-13-20-35-44 pp8/250 D,D,S,S 168M W2006-06-13-21-00-24 pp8/250 D,D,S,S No Signal 10M W2006-06-13-21-08-25 Noise problem @ 21:09:00 ? ************************************************************************** jun14: (crew:Cooksey,Geerts,Oolman,Pokahrel) Total data: MB Alg/Pulse Antennas Notes 578M W2006-06-14-21-27-09 pp6/250 D,D,U 623M W2006-06-14-21-55-41 pp6/250 D,D,U 320M W2006-06-14-22-26-15 pp6/250 D,D,U ************************************************************************** jun16: (crew:Cooksey,Wood,Oolman,Pokahrel) Total data: MB Alg/Pulse Antennas Notes 263M W2006-06-16-21-21-23 pp6/250 D,D CloudSat overpass @~21:32:20 170M W2006-06-16-21-39-31 pp6/250 D,D,U 149M W2006-06-16-21-55-37 pp6/250 D,D,U 2M W2006-06-16-22-09-43 pp6/250 D,D,U 4M W2006-06-16-22-16-07 pp6/250 D,D,U 536M W2006-06-16-22-16-19 pp6/250 D,D,U 270M W2006-06-16-22-34-24 pp6/250 D,D,U 29M W2006-06-16-23-00-21 spp/250 U 12M W2006-06-16-23-10-23 pp6/250 D,D,U 434M W2006-06-16-23-12-12 pp8/250 D,D,S,S 297M W2006-06-16-23-26-06 pp8/250 D,D,S,S 260M W2006-06-16-23-35-40 pp8/250 D,D,S,S 427M W2006-06-16-23-44-33 pp6/250 D,D 333M W2006-06-17-00-13-17 pp6/250 D,D 53M W2006-06-17-00-36-09 pp6/250 D,D,U ************************************************************************** jun20: (crew:Cooksey,Leon,Oolman,Pokahrel) Total data: MB Alg/Pulse Antennas Notes 41M W2006-06-20-17-34-13 pp6/250 D,D,U 391M W2006-06-20-17-38-33 pp6/250 D,D 245M W2006-06-20-18-04-52 pp6/250 D,D 60M W2006-06-20-18-21-56 spp/250 U 248M W2006-06-20-18-42-32 pp6/250 D,D 151M W2006-06-20-18-59-37 pp6/250 D,D,U/S 258M W2006-06-20-19-14-14 pp6/250 D,D 34M W2006-06-20-19-32-00 spp/250 U ************************************************************************** jun23a: (crew:Cooksey,Parish,Oolman,Glover) Total data: MB Alg/Pulse Antennas Notes 251M W2006-06-23-16-27-16 pp6/250 D,D 594M W2006-06-23-16-44-10 pp6/250 D,D 301M W2006-06-23-17-39-51 pp6/250 D,D 2 614M W2006-06-23-18-13-05 pp6/250 D,D 2 402M W2006-06-23-18-54-29 pp6/250 D,D ************************************************************************** jun23b: (crew:Cooksey,Parish,Oolman,Glover) Total data: MB Alg/Pulse Antennas Notes 365M W2006-06-23-21-04-34 pp6/250 D,D 457M W2006-06-23-21-29-08 pp6/250 D,D 338M W2006-06-23-21-59-56 pp6/250 D,D 30M W2006-06-23-22-32-49 pp6/250 D,D 319M W2006-06-23-22-44-49 pp6/250 D,D ************************************************************************** jun24: (crew:Cooksey,Parish,Glover,Burkhart) NOTE (ALL FILES) -- WCR beam voltage reduced. Abs. Ref. values should NOT be trusted. Total data: MB Alg/Pulse Antennas Notes 356M W2006-06-24-16-50-07 pp6/250 D,D 326M W2006-06-24-17-15-39 pp6/250 D,D 281M W2006-06-24-17-37-46 pp6/250 D,D 263M W2006-06-24-17-56-47 pp6/250 D,D 130M W2006-06-24-18-17-25 pp6/250 D,D 102M W2006-06-24-18-40-15 pp6/250 D,D 107M W2006-06-24-18-58-20 pp6/250 D,D 117M W2006-06-24-19-17-00 pp6/250 D,D 244M W2006-06-24-19-37-55 pp6/250 D,D ************************************************************************** jun25: (crew:Cooksey,Parish,Oolman,Glover) Total data: MB Alg/Pulse Antennas Notes 3M W2006-06-25-17-02-31 pp6/250 D,D 17M W2006-06-25-17-03-31 pp6/250 D,D 6M W2006-06-25-17-04-56 pp6/250 D,D 25M W2006-06-25-17-09-35 spp/250 U 71M W2006-06-25-17-23-39 spp/250 D 127M W2006-06-25-18-03-45 pp6/250 D,D 117M W2006-06-25-18-27-43 pp6/250 D,D,S 14M W2006-06-25-18-40-11 spp/250 U 17M W2006-06-25-18-58-36 pp6/250 D,D 126M W2006-06-25-19-08-32 pp6/250 D,D,S 149M W2006-06-25-19-24-49 pp6/250 D,D,S 2 --Noise jumps 4M W2006-06-25-19-45-38 spp/250 U ************************************************************************** jun27: (crew:Cooksey,Wood,Leon,Oolman) Total data: MB Alg/Pulse Antennas Notes 754M W2006-06-27-18-37-39 pp6/250 D,D,U 38M W2006-06-27-19-15-11 pp6/250 D,D 12M W2006-06-27-19-19-32 spp/250 D 106M W2006-06-27-19-26-48 pp6/250 D,D,U 48M W2006-06-27-19-56-56 pp6/250 D,D,U 8M W2006-06-27-20-02-02 spp/250 U 158M W2006-06-27-20-17-20 pp6/250 D,D,U/S 7M W2006-06-27-20-31-33 pp6/250 D,D 111M W2006-06-27-20-32-47 pp6/250 D,D,U/S 93M W2006-06-27-20-47-33 pp6/250 D,D,U/S 90M W2006-06-27-21-01-26 pp6/250 D,D,U/S 69M W2006-06-27-21-17-35 pp6/250 D,D,U/S 9M W2006-06-27-21-24-41 spp/250 D 11M W2006-06-27-21-30-02 spp/250 D 12M W2006-06-27-21-43-46 spp/250 D 0.4M W2006-06-27-21-51-14 spp/250 U ************************************************************************** jun29a: (crew:Cooksey,Wood,Leon,Oolman) Total data: MB Alg/Pulse Antennas Notes 43M W2006-06-29-17-24-06 spp/250 U prior to takeoff 17M W2006-06-29-17-36-57 pp6/250 D,D 98M W2006-06-29-17-43-54 pp6/250 D,D 5M W2006-06-29-17-48-27 pp6/250 D,D 60M W2006-06-29-17-55-22 pp6/250 D,D 51M W2006-06-29-18-02-29 pp8/250 D,D,S,S/U 455M W2006-06-29-18-17-56 pp6/250 D,D 102M W2006-06-29-18-30-47 pp8/250 D,D,S,S/U 283M W2006-06-29-18-40-15 pp6/250 S,U 9M W2006-06-29-18-44-09 pp6/250 S,U 84M W2006-06-29-18-52-52 pp6/250 D,D,S,S/U 93M W2006-06-29-18-56-45 pp8/250 D,D,S,S/U 230M W2006-06-29-19-06-13 pp8/250 D,D,S,S/U 832M W2006-06-29-19-32-51 pp6/250 D,D 160M W2006-06-29-19-44-01 pp6/250 S,U 148M W2006-06-29-19-45-05 pp6/250 S,U 504M W2006-06-29-19-59-05 pp8/250 D,D,S,S/U 4M W2006-06-29-20-15-44 spp/250 U 217M W2006-06-29-20-18-03 pp6/250 D,D,U 13M W2006-06-29-20-39-01 spp/250 D ************************************************************************** jun29b: (crew:Cooksey,Wood,Leon,Oolman) Total data: MB Alg/Pulse Antennas Notes 230M W2006-06-29-23-03-38 pp6/250 D,D 14M W2006-06-29-23-19-29 spp/250 D 344M W2006-06-29-23-27-50 pp6/250 D,D 5M W2006-06-29-23-51-20 pp6/250 D,D,U 574M W2006-06-29-23-51-49 pp6/250 D,D,U 255M W2006-06-30-00-10-16 pp8/250 D,D,S,S 539M W2006-06-30-00-35-14 pp6/250 U,S 631M W2006-06-30-00-52-54 pp8/250 D,D,S,S 80M W2006-06-30-01-13-14 pp6/250 D,S 25M W2006-06-30-01-21-23 pp6/250 D,D,U 218M W2006-06-30-01-24-08 pp6/250 D,D 50M W2006-06-30-01-39-09 spp/250 D ************************************************************************** jun30: (crew:Cooksey,Leon,Oolman) Total data: MB Alg/Pulse Antennas Notes 470M W2006-06-30-20-16-12 pp6/250 D,D 384M W2006-06-30-20-47-52 spp/250 D 14M W2006-06-30-21-14-06 pp6/250 D,D,U 407M W2006-06-30-21-22-29 pp6/250 D,D,U 54M W2006-06-30-22-01-25 pp6/250 D,D 38M W2006-06-30-22-31-07 spp/250 D ................................................................................ Terminology and other notes: Terminology used to acknowledge data quality for each data file reported under Data file indormation: 1) SPIKES are defined as short lasting (less than a few secs), large excursions in positive or negative direction (higher than 2-3 dB). 2) ELEVATED NOISE (including short spikes) is defined as occasional change in the mean noise that exceeds 2-3 dB and lasts from fraction of a second to more than a minute. It is usually associated with ground hits and/or multi-trip echoes. It is observed for side looking mode only. 3) NOISE JUMPS/SPIKES (up to 10-20 sec). Probably some sort of short interference not necessarily in both channels and in some cases associated with the mirror position change or A/C radio communications at freqs close to 120MHz 3) NOISE DRIFT is up to 2dB slow drift in the noise channel; likely due to drift in the receivers gain. Usually it does not exceed 0.5 dB. 4) BAD DATA refer to corrupted data or improbable data behavior. 5) DATA SHIFT means that all data channels are shifted one range gate to the right for one or both of the DSPs. 6) DATA GAPS: gaps between profiles exceeding several times the average time interval between profiles 7) TIME STAMP ERROR: known fixed shift in the time stamps. 8) TIME JUMPS: sync problem in the time which results in time stamps jumps including negative jumps 9) DATA DISCONTINUITY: unexpected jumps in reflectivity occurring thru all range gates from one profile to another. 10) V/H-MISSING or V/H severely attenuated reffer to unidentified problem causing severe attanuation or lack of signal from a target Other Notes: * WCR data acquisition system (DAQ) records time stamps from the vxi IRIG card which is slaved to the master KingAir data system IRIG card. The recorded time stamps are GPS time (currently 14 sec ahead of UTC). * The zero range gate, when at 75 m, is contaminated with the transmitter pulse leakage which appears at levels as high as -35 dBm@500ns (+15 dBZ). On the other hand very stong returns at 0 and 1st range gates are slightly undervalued (1 dB or less) due to receiver protection switches still residually closed. This range is in the antenna far field for the SideUp (12") antenna. Far fields for the 18" and 15" down antennas are 132 m and 91 m, respectively. Thus for the bigger antennas the first few range gates may have larger calibration errors. * When in side looking mode and maximum unambiguous range of 7.5 km, the data can be contaminated from second trip echoes, mostly from surface. Caution should be exercised when analyzing side looks. * Average DSP jumps (data jumps between two consecutive profiles due to data acquisition DSP) are mostly near zero for low power returns but frequently high power return (as indicated by the leak) exhibit jumps as high as 1-2 dB and thus averaging at least two profiles is recommended to reduce calibration errors.